Background: A triple antibiotic mixture (ciprofloxacin; CF, metronidazole; MN, and minocycline; MC) has been used\nfor dental root canal medicaments in pulp regeneration therapy. However, tooth discolorations, cervical root\nfractures, and inadequate pulp-dentin formation have been reported due to the triple antibiotic regimen. Therefore,\nan antibiotic encapsulated biomimetic nanomatrix gel was developed to minimize the clinical limitations and\nmaximize a natural healing process in root canal infections. In this study, minimal bacterial concentrations (MBC) of\nthe selected antibiotics (CF and MN) were tested in 14 representative endodontic bacterial species. Then MBC of\neach CF and MN were separately encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel to\nevaluate antibacterial level on Enterococcus faecalis and Treponema denticola.\nResults: Antibiotic concentrations lower than 0.2 ?g/mL of CF and MN demonstrated antibacterial activity on the\n14 endodontic species. Furthermore, 6 different concentrations of CF and MN separately encapsulated with the\ninjectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel demonstrated antibacterial activity on Enterococcus faecalis\nand Treponema denticola at the lowest tested concentration of 0.0625 ?g/mL.\nConclusions: These results suggest that each CF and MN encapsulated within the injectable self-assembled biomimetic\nnanomatrix gel demonstrated antibacterial effects, which could be effective for the root canal disinfection while\neliminating MC. In the long term, the antibiotic encapsulated injectable self-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix\ngel can provide a multifunctional antibiotic delivery method with potential root regeneration. Further studies are\ncurrently underway to evaluate the effects of combined CF and MN encapsulated within the injectable\nself-assembled biomimetic nanomatrix gel on clinical samples.
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